Types Of Unemployments

S No	HEADINGS	EXPLANATIONS
1	Open  and             chronic unemployment	it is a situation where person willing to work and also able work but does not get work and remain unemployed for full time. In the agricultural sector we have a large group of landless labourers who seek wage employment on farms. But due to heavy pressure of population on India’s still underdeveloped agricultural sector, many people fail to get employment and hence remain chronically unemployed. Since they openly search for employment and hence their unemployment is not hidden, this is called open and naked form of employment.
2	Seasonal Unemployment	Agriculture, which is the major economic activity in villages, is a seasonal source of income. There are seasons like sowing and harvesting of crops when all are busy and employment is high. But there are also slack seasons such as the period between sowing of crops and their harvesting when most people have nothing much to do and are thus unemployed. Many rural industries  such  as sugar mills, rice, cotton industries, are based on processing of agricultural produce. So they too provide only seasonal employment. Hence the rural economy  largely has seasonal employment alternated with periods of seasonal unemployment.

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Disguised Unemployment

This is a type of unemployment which is not open in the sense that the persons do not feel that they are unemployed though technically they are unemployed. Employment has two aspects (a)     Quantitative, i.e., how many people are employed and (b)     Qualitative, i.e., how much the employed persons produce which means the productivity of employment. In simple words, when more peoples are engaged in a production process than actually required AND if some of them withdrawn from such production it will not affects the total output. Such extra withdrawn employed person are known asis known as disguised unemployed. In India, as the population increases, the productivity per persons declines. A situation has arisen where the marginal productivity of a large number of workers is zero, i.e., their work does not make any addition to production. Even if they are removed from agriculture, but whose productivity is zero, are called disguisedly unemployed.

4	Industrial Unemployment	It includes uneducated labourforce seeking jobs in industries i.e trade, construction, transport etc. The process of industrial development has not been fast enough to absorb all those who have added to the industrial labour force mostly as a result of migration from rural areas. The pattern of industrial expansion which is now largely based on sophisticated modern technology in labour saving. Thus industrial output may expand at a rapid pace, but job opportunities do not increase. Therefore, most of the people who come to the urban industrial centres from rural areas in search of jobs fail to get employment thereby adding to unemployment among the industrial workers.
5	Educated unemployment	In India employment opportunities have not increased as much as the educational opportunities. Expansion of educational facilities in the urban areas, both at the school and the university levels. The universities are turning out lakhs of graduates each year who enter the job market. But the pattern of education is not job oriented. Hence education does not promote job worthiness of a person. Consequently many fail to find employment and add to the category of unemployed.

6	Technological unemployment	Technological changes are taking place rapidly in all aspects of activity. With the application of modern technology in industry, transport and other sectors, many people who have been working with old techniques become unfit for jobs and thus unemployed. For example Computerization of most activities has rendered unemployed many workers who have no knowledge of this technology.
7	Unemployment among the youth	Among the various age groups of labour force, unemployment has the highest incidence among the youth aged between 15- 30 years and more among the educated looking for a white collar jobs. Unemployed youth can contribute a lot to national income if given jobs. They can also cause tremendous amount of social tension if they remain unemployed. Hence this problem needs to be given added attention.

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