MEANING
Population explosion occurs when death rates start falling rapidly but birth rate remains stable or high.REASON FOR POPULATION EXPLOSION
1.HIGH BIRTH RATE
1.Economic Facrors
2.Social Factors
2.LOW DEATH RATE
1.Control of Epidemics
2.Control of famines
3.Improved Medical Facilities
4.Impect of Economic Growth
S No
|
ECONOMIC FACTORS
|
EXPLANATIONS
|
1
|
Poverty
|
The economic cost of bearing and upbringing an additional child is less than the expected
benefits for a poor family. An additional child in the family
would mean
more earning hands
as the children start earning at a very early age and prove
to be an asset for the family. Further, the high infant mortality rate among poors because
of deficient diet, lack
of medical facilities, unhealthy living conditions, etc causes
the low survival rate. In order to ensure that some children survive, poor people
tend to have
large number of children.
|
2
|
Predominance of
Agriculture
|
The agrarian country like India adopts primitive techniques of production which is mainly
family based. Thus an additional child in
the family can always
be absorbed on the family
land.
|
3
|
Slow Urbanization
Process
|
In India the process
of urbanization has not been accompanied by the social
change that favors low birth rates. The social system and family structure of rural life seem to survive
in the city and towns.
|
S No
|
SOCIAL FACTORS
|
EXPLANATIONS
|
1
|
Universality of
Marriage
|
Marriage is
both a religious and a social necessity in India
especially among
women. The universal marriage among
women directly leads
to high birth
rate.
|
2
|
Early Marriage of
Women
|
The marriage of girls take place in early
years of youth, and sometimes even in childhood. This causes an increase
in the fertility rate as women tend to have greater
reproductive time span in case of early marriage.
|
3
|
Religious and Social Superstitions
|
Most Indians on account for religious and social attitudes prefer sons because of the belief
that certain rites can be performed only by him and none else.
Son is also looked upon to provide continuity to family lineage. This desire contributes to
high birth rate.
|
4
|
Lack of Social
Security
|
The social security schemes like old age pension, health insurance etc are not available to the poor masses in India. The children are expected to look after parents in the old age. The larger
family is seen as a greater
security for the
parents.
|
5
|
Illiteracy and Ignorance
|
The widespread illiteracy among people in general
and women in particular has caused
ignorance about
benefits of small family size and the use of devices of birth-control among
the masses. People will
not shed irrational ideas
and religious superstitions like child is a god gift
unless there is a spread
of education.
|
6
|
Joint Family System
|
Joint family system prevails in many parts of the country. In the joint family system the resources are pooled up and
expenses are shared.
This system is a sort of security to the old,
the invalid
and the unemployed as each member shares the
responsibility of others.
The children are not burden on the parents individually and so pressure to limit the family
size is not felt.
|
7
|
Limited use of family
planning methods
|
The use of family planning methods continues to be restricted to urban areas. The facilities for family planning are very limited in rural areas. The non-availability of birth control devices has been
an important contributory factor in keeping the birth
rate high.
|
S No
|
CAUSES
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EXPLANATIONS
|
1
|
Control of Epidemics
|
In the
early years of the 20 century, epidemics took a heavy toll
of life in India.
The increased availability of effective medicines and
improvement of healthcare facilities have controlled the occurrence of
epidemics like plague, small pox, malaria
etc.
This has contributed to substantial
reduction in the
death rate.
|
2
|
Control of Famines
|
Famines were almost a regular occurrence in India
in the early years of planning which causes
large number of starvation deaths. The improvement in the means of transport and communication has effectively managed the spread
of famines.
|
3
|
Improved Medical Facilities
|
The increased investment in health and medical care facilities and development of health centers in the far-flung rural areas has
prevented deaths
due to timely
availability of medical
aid.
|
4
|
Impact of Economic
Growth
|
Economic growth of the country has a significant impact
on the fall in the
death rate. The
improved incomes and living standards
of people have improved their
health and nutritional levels. The improvement
in personal hygiene and sanitary
conditions has prevented the spread
of communicable diseases. The improved literacy level has created a awareness on preventive measures for better health. The life
expectancy of an average Indian
has increased. The special
poverty alleviation and social welfare programmmes that aimed
at providing
basic needs such as pure drinking
water,
healthcare facilities, and wage employments have contributed to better life and lower death
rate.
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